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I. |
Mobilizing domestic resources for
development |
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Savings, investment and growth
Overall trends in
developing regions, 1970-2002
Savings and growth
Saving and investment
The role of foreign
savings
Investment and growth
Fostering a favourable investment climate
National development
strategies
Macroeconomic stability
The legal and regulatory
environment
Labour-market regulation,
social protection and labour rights
Domestic financial institutions and
development
Development of the banking
sector
Development of domestic
capital markets
Long-term financing
The changing roles of the
public and private sectors in financing infrastructure
The development of
inclusive financial sectors
Towards sounder national
financial systems |
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II. |
Trade |
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Trade, growth and specialization
Trade vulnerabilities
Commodities
Geographically
disadvantaged countries
Multilateral trade liberalization
Assessing the potential
benefits of multilateral trade liberalization
The Doha Round: where does
it stand?
Regional trade arrangements
The proliferation of
trading blocs and free trade agreements
Impact of preferential
agreements and policy implications |
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|
III. |
International private capital flows |
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|
Main features of private flows to
developing countries
Foreign direct investment
Trends and composition of
foreign direct investment
How stable is FDI?
Particular benefits of FDI
Financial flows
Bank credit
Portfolio flows
Impact of derivatives
Measures to counter pro-cyclicality of
private flows
Counter-cyclical financing
instruments
Prudential capital account
regulations
Basel II and developing
countries
A greater challenge:
encouraging private flows to lower-income developing countries
Remittances |
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IV. |
Official development financing |
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Official development assistance
Magnitude and composition
of ODA
Volatility and
conditionality of aid flows
Selectivity of aid flows
Aid and economic growth in
support of the Millennium Development Goals
Donor efforts to increase
effectiveness
The multilateral development banks
The role of multilateral
development banks
Structure and trends
The debate around the
multilateral development banks
The way forward
South-South cooperation
Innovative sources of financing
Major mechanisms in the
short run
Major mechanisms in the
longer run
A United Nations
development fund? |
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V. |
External debt |
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Debt and development
The post-war approach to
lending to developing countries
Rapid external borrowing
and debt rescheduling in the 1960s and 1970s
Debt resolution in the
1980s
Debt relief
The Heavily Indebted Poor
Countries (HIPC) Initiative
Additional HIPC
debt-relief proposals
New measures for official
debt relief for middle-income countries (Evian approach)
Debt sustainability
Debt sustainability
analysis for low-income countries
An assessment of debt
sustainability analyses
Debt resolution and debt relief involving
private creditors
New approaches and
initiatives
Experiences of alternative
debt restructuring mechanisms |
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VI. |
Systemic issues |
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|
Global macroeconomic imbalances and the
international reserve system
Changes in the structure of global
financial markets
Risk implications of
changes in global financial markets
Implications for
prudential regulation and supervision
Crisis prevention and resolution
Domestic macroeconomic
policies
Multilateral surveillance
The role of emergency
financing and precautionary financial arrangements
Strengthening IMF
financing of poor countries
Conditionality of IMF
lending
The role of SDRs in the international
financial system
The role of regional financial arrangements
Enhancing the voice and participation of
developing
countries in international financial
decision-making |
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Bibliography |
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Boxes |
| I.1 |
Raising household savings in China |
| II.1 |
A snapshot perspective on tariffs and domestic support |
| II.2 |
Multilateralism or preferential access? |
| II.3 |
Current trends in trade relations between China and Latin
America and China and Africa: potential and challenges |
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|
Figures |
| I.1 |
Savings, investment, growth and poverty reduction,
1970-2003 |
| I.2 |
Savings and growth, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-2003 and
1970-2003 |
| I.3 |
Savings and investment, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-2003
and 1970-2003 |
| I.4 |
Investment and growth, 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-2003 and
1970-2003 |
| II.1 |
Distribution of exports by commodity groups, 1960-2001 |
| III.1 |
Capital requirements for the United States of America
using three regulatory regimes, 1982-2003 |
| III.2 |
World remittance flows, 1980-2003 |
| IV.1 |
Composition of official development assistance, 1990-2003 |
| IV.2 |
Composition of official development assistance to least
developed countries, 1990-2003 |
| IV.3 |
Commitments and disbursements of programme and project
aid, 1995-2003 |
| IV.4 |
Concentration of official development assistance in
recipient countries, 1981-2003 |
| IV.5 |
Collective deviation of flows of official development
assistance among donors, 1981-2003 |
| IV.6 |
Proportion of countries experiencing a decline in
bilateral aid volume, by donor grouping, 1981-2003 |
| IV.7 |
The counter-cyclical character of the lending of
multilateral development banks, 1970-2003 |
| IV.8 |
Map of main proposals on innovative sources of financing |
| V.1 |
Ratio of total debt to gross national income, 1970-2003 |
| V.2 |
Ratio of total debt service to exports, 1970-2003 |
| V.3 |
Evolution of debt service for countries that had reached
completion point |
| V.4 |
Composition of Iraq's debt |
| IV.1 |
United States current-account deficit, 1970-2004 |
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Tables |
| I.1 |
Contribution of physical capital, human capital and
productivity to the growth of output per worker, world and developing regions,
1961-2000 |
| I.2 |
Indicators of bank financial soundness in developing
regions and European emerging markets, 2002-2004 |
| I.3 |
Capital raised in domestic financial markets of developing
countries and economies in transition, by region, 1997-2002 |
| I.4 |
Key standards for financial systems |
| II.1 |
The 40 most dynamic products in world non-fuel exports
ranked by annual average exports value growth, 1985-2002, and share of developing
countries, 2002 |
| II.2 |
Transport costs, including freight and insurance costs of
various groups, 1995 |
| II.3 |
Selected estimates of annual welfare effects from
multilateral trade liberalization |
| II.4 |
Selected estimates of annual welfare effects from
multilateral trade liberalization |
| II.5 |
Trade within selected regional trade blocs, 1970-2002 |
| III.1 |
Net financial flows to developing countries and economies
in transition, 1993-2004 |
| III.2 |
Net transfer of financial resources to developing
countries and economies in transition, 1993-2004 |
| III.3 |
Bank lending in emerging markets, 1993-2002 |
| III.4 |
Distribution of least developed countries and other
low-income countries by population and economic size, 2002 |
| III.5 |
Countries or areas with the highest ratio of remittances
to gross domestic product, 2004 |
| IV.1 |
Volatility of financial flows and bilateral DAC ODA, top
10 recipients, 1999-2003 |
| IV.2 |
Graduates from IDA assistance |
| IV.3 |
Developing countries: average terms of new commitments,
1990-2003 |
| IV.4 |
Net flows from multilateral development banks by region,
1991-2002 |
| V.1 |
Debt relief and reduction in arrears for selected HIPC
completion point countries |
| V.2 |
Debt-burden thresholds under alternative options |
| VI.1 |
Share of national currencies in identified official
holdings of foreign exchange, end of year, 1994-2003 |
| VI.2 |
Shares in world total of IMF quotas and GNI/PPP, 2002 |
